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Artemisia annua is a well-known medicinal plant that has been
utilized for a number of purposes, including malaria, for
centuries. This is the first comprehensive book to cover the
importance of Artemisia annua in the global health crisis and in
the treatment against diseases. A component and extract,
artemisinin, is the source of other derivatives which are also
suitable for pharmaceutical use. The present demand for artemisinin
far outpaces its supply. Researchers are working globally towards
improving artemisinin content in the plant by various means.
Artemisia annua: Prospects, Applications and Therapeutic Uses
highlights the different approaches, including 'omics', that are
being used in current research on this immensely important
medicinal plant. Providing comprehensive coverage of the
agricultural and pharmaceutical uses of this plant, Artemisia annua
will be essential reading for botanists, plant scientists,
herbalists, pharmacognosists, pharmacologists and natural product
chemists.
This volume ‘Agrochemicals in Soil and Environment: Impacts and
Remediation’ is a comprehensive collection of important
literature on agrochemical contamination. The main focus of this
book is to point out undesirable changes in biological, physical
and chemical characteristics of agricultural soils and its impacts
on global agricultural crop productivity. Soil is one of the
important resources of basic needs for our sustenance but due to
various anthropogenic activities like urbanization and
industrialization, the soil is losing its basic quality
characteristics. Soil microorganisms, water holding capacity,
minerals, salts and nutrients are under the direct threat due to
agrochemicals therefore, agricultural sector is facing a serious
challenge. Lack of proper knowledge and luxurious applications of
agrochemicals resulting into degradation and deterioration of soil
quality, loss of soil and crop productivity and threatening the
food security. Therefore, it is imperative to develop indices,
indicators and soil parameters for the monitoring and impact
assessment of agricultural contaminants. Further, biotic and
abiotic stresses and their tolerance mechanisms in plants in
relation to the soil contaminants such as toxic
pollutants, heavy metals, inorganic and organic matters,
variety of pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, agricultural
runoffs and solid wastes, and chemical fertilizers are also
highlighted in this volume. This book also discusses causes of
reduced agriculture productivity and suggests sustainable measures
such as plant-based technologies, bioremediation and
nanotechnology, that can be used to overcome the crop losses. The
book is interest to research students, teachers, agricultural
scientists, agronomists, environmentalists as well as policy
makers.Â
Emerging Plant Growth Regulators in Agriculture: Roles in Stress
Tolerance presents current PGR discoveries and advances for
agricultural applications, providing a comprehensive reference for
those seeking to apply these tools for improved plant health and
crop yield. As demand for agricultural crops and improved
nutritional requirement continue to escalate in response to
increasing population, plant researchers have focused on
identifying scientific approaches to minimize the negative impacts
of climate change on agriculture crops. Among the various applied
approaches, the application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) have
gained significant attention for their ability to enhance stress
tolerance mechanisms. This book was developed to provide
foundational and emerging information to advance the discovery of
novel, cost-competitive, specific and effective PGRs for
applications in agriculture.
Radiation-Processed Polysaccharides: Emerging Roles in Agriculture
is the first book to focus exclusively on this emerging and
important option for reducing the overuse and negative impact of
agrochemicals in agriculture. Among practices being developed for
effective and eco-friendly plant growth regulators in crop
production, using radiation-processed polysaccharides (RPPs) is a
promising technique. Comprised of chapters from diverse areas of
plant science, including agriculture, agronomy, biotechnology,
nanotechnology, molecular biology, and radiation agriculture, this
book provides insights into the practical application of RPPs and
inspires further research toward sustainable and efficient
agricultural production. Polysaccharides (sodium alginate,
carrageenan, chitosan and others) in their depolymerized state are
increasingly important to agriculture based on their unique
biological properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability and
non-toxicity. Understanding the impact of RPPs on the plant
phenotype, translocation of nutrients from source to sink, signal
processing, and crosstalk helps improve the applicability of RPPs
and sustainable agricultural yield.
This comprehensive volume covers recent studies into agricultural
problems caused by soil and water contamination. Considering the
importance of agricultural crops to human health, the editors have
focused on chapters detailing the negative impact of heavy metals,
excessive chemical fertilizer use, nutrients, pesticides,
herbicides, insecticides, agricultural wastes and toxic pollutants,
among others, on agricultural soil and crops. In addition, the
chapters offer solutions to these negative impacts through various
scientific approaches, including using biotechnology,
nanotechnology, nutrient management strategies, biofertilizers, as
well as potent PGRs and elicitors. This book serves as a key source
of information on scientific and engineered approaches and
challenges for the bioremediation of agricultural contamination
worldwide. This book should be helpful for research students,
teachers, agriculturalists, agronomists, botanists, and plant
growers, as well as in the fields of agriculture, agronomy, plant
science, plant biology, and biotechnology, among others. It serves
as an excellent reference on the current research and future
directions of contaminants in agriculture from laboratory research
to field application.
This comprehensive volume covers recent studies into agricultural
problems caused by soil and water contamination. Considering the
importance of agricultural crops to human health, the editors have
focused on chapters detailing the negative impact of heavy metals,
excessive chemical fertilizer use, nutrients, pesticides,
herbicides, insecticides, agricultural wastes and toxic pollutants,
among others, on agricultural soil and crops. In addition, the
chapters offer solutions to these negative impacts through various
scientific approaches, including using biotechnology,
nanotechnology, nutrient management strategies, biofertilizers, as
well as potent PGRs and elicitors. This book serves as a key source
of information on scientific and engineered approaches and
challenges for the bioremediation of agricultural contamination
worldwide. This book should be helpful for research students,
teachers, agriculturalists, agronomists, botanists, and plant
growers, as well as in the fields of agriculture, agronomy, plant
science, plant biology, and biotechnology, among others. It serves
as an excellent reference on the current research and future
directions of contaminants in agriculture from laboratory research
to field application.
This book studies the production of indole alkaloids in the
important medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, commonly
known as periwinkle. The anticancer alkaloids, viz. vinblastine and
vincristine, are mainly present in the leaves of C. roseus and
inhibit the growth of cancer cells by hindering the formation of
mitotic apparatus during cell division. Further, vinblastine helps
increase the chance of surviving childhood leukemia while
vincristine is used to treat Hodgkin's disease. Great efforts have
been made to produce these alkaloids at a large scale by the
culture of plant cells. In view of this worldwide demand for
commercial use, this book explores how to maximize the production
of anticancer alkaloids from C. roseus. This reference book will be
helpful for research students, teachers, ethnobotanists,
pharmacologists and herbal growers who have a strong interest in
this anticancer medicinal plant of paramount importance.
This book explores the agricultural, commercial, and ecological
future of plants in relation to mineral nutrition. It covers
various topics regarding the role and importance of mineral
nutrition in plants including essentiality, availability,
applications, as well as their management and control strategies.
Plants and plant products are increasingly important sources for
the production of energy, biofuels, and biopolymers in order to
replace the use of fossil fuels. The maximum genetic potential of
plants can be realized successfully with a balanced mineral
nutrients supply. This book explores efficient nutrient management
strategies that tackle the over and under use of nutrients, check
different kinds of losses from the system, and improve use
efficiency of the plants. Applied and basic aspects of
ecophysiology, biochemistry, and biotechnology have been adequately
incorporated including pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals,
agronomical, breeding and plant protection parameters, propagation
and nutrients managements. This book will serve not only as an
excellent reference material but also as a practical guide for
readers, cultivators, students, botanists, entrepreneurs, and
farmers.
This book studies the production of indole alkaloids in the
important medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, commonly
known as periwinkle. The anticancer alkaloids, viz. vinblastine and
vincristine, are mainly present in the leaves of C. roseus and
inhibit the growth of cancer cells by hindering the formation of
mitotic apparatus during cell division. Further, vinblastine helps
increase the chance of surviving childhood leukemia while
vincristine is used to treat Hodgkin's disease. Great efforts have
been made to produce these alkaloids at a large scale by the
culture of plant cells. In view of this worldwide demand for
commercial use, this book explores how to maximize the production
of anticancer alkaloids from C. roseus. This reference book will be
helpful for research students, teachers, ethnobotanists,
pharmacologists and herbal growers who have a strong interest in
this anticancer medicinal plant of paramount importance.
Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone originally extracted from the
medicinal plant Artemisia annua L., is an effective antimalarial
agent, particularly for multi-drug resistant and cerebral malaria.
However, the concentration of artemisinin in the plant is very low.
Because the chemical synthesis of artemisinin is complicated and
not economically feasible in view of the poor yield of the drug,
the intact plant remains the only viable source of artemisinin
production. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the
concentration of artemisinin in A. annua to reduce the cost of
artemisinin based antimalarial drugs. Plant scientists have focused
their efforts on A. annua for a higher artemisinin crop yield. With
the present volume, we are bringing together the research which is
being done on this plant throughout the world and future
possibilities for scientists and researchers who want to work on
it.
Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone originally extracted from the
medicinal plant Artemisia annua L., is an effective antimalarial
agent, particularly for multi-drug resistant and cerebral malaria.
However, the concentration of artemisinin in the plant is very low.
Because the chemical synthesis of artemisinin is complicated and
not economically feasible in view of the poor yield of the drug,
the intact plant remains the only viable source of artemisinin
production. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the
concentration of artemisinin in A. annua to reduce the cost of
artemisinin based antimalarial drugs. Plant scientists have focused
their efforts on A. annua for a higher artemisinin crop yield. With
the present volume, we are bringing together the research which is
being done on this plant throughout the world and future
possibilities for scientists and researchers who want to work on
it.
Hazardous and Trace Materials in Soil and Plants: Sources, Effects
and Management explores the latest advancements in reducing,
avoiding and eliminating soil contaminants that challenge the
health and safety of agricultural plants. With a focus on
minimizing the production of those hazardous substances,
controlling their distribution and ensuring safe utilization, the
book explores each contributing area and provides insights toward
improved, sustainable and secure production. This is an excellent
reference resource on both current research and future directions
from laboratory research to field applications. The combined
impacts of climate change and industrialization have led to
increased and diversified threats to the health of the soil in
which our food crops are grown, as well as in the plants
themselves. This dual-hazard scenario is increasingly recognized as
a threat to not just the environment, but to global food security
as agricultural soils contaminated with pollutants alter plant
metabolism, thus resulting in reduced crop quality and production
quantity.
Artemisia annua is a well-known medicinal plant that has been
utilized for a number of purposes, including malaria, for
centuries. This is the first comprehensive book to cover the
importance of Artemisia annua in the global health crisis and in
the treatment against diseases. A component and extract,
artemisinin, is the source of other derivatives which are also
suitable for pharmaceutical use. The present demand for artemisinin
far outpaces its supply. Researchers are working globally towards
improving artemisinin content in the plant by various means.
Artemisia annua: Prospects, Applications and Therapeutic Uses
highlights the different approaches, including 'omics', that are
being used in current research on this immensely important
medicinal plant. Providing comprehensive coverage of the
agricultural and pharmaceutical uses of this plant, Artemisia annua
will be essential reading for botanists, plant scientists,
herbalists, pharmacognosists, pharmacologists and natural product
chemists.
The accumulation of large amounts of contaminants occurs in the
environment due to industrialization and various other
anthropogenic activities. Contaminants ultimately affect human
health worldwide. Organic, inorganic, and radioactive substances
are the prevalent forms of environmental contaminants and their
complete remediation in soils and sediments is rather a difficult
task. Concerns of their toxicities led to the emphasis on
development of effective techniques to assess the presence and
mobility of contaminants in air, water, and soil. Furthermore, the
ever-increasing concentration of toxic pollutants in the
environment is considered a serious threat to plant, animal, human,
and environmental health. Many technologies are in use to clean and
eliminate hazardous contaminants from the environment; however,
these technologies can be costly, labor intensive, and often
distressing to the general public. Phytoremediation is a simple,
cost effective, environmentally friendly and fast-emerging new
technology for eliminating toxic contaminants from different
environments. Phytoremediation refers to the natural ability of
certain plants and their associated microbiome (including
hyper-accumulators or bio-accumulators) to remove, degrade, or
render contaminants harmless. Through this technique, certain
species of plants flourish by accumulating contaminants present in
the environment. The unique and selective uptake capabilities of
plant root and shoot systems, effective translocation,
bioaccumulation, and contaminant degradation capabilities of the
accumulator plants are utilized in phytoremediation techniques.
Phytotechnologies involving the use of plants for contaminant
removal gained importance during the last two decades and
phytoremediation technology became an effective tool for
environmental detoxification because of plants ability to
accumulate the contaminants at very high concentrations.
Phytoremediation strategies can remove, degrade, or stabilize
inorganic and organic contaminants entering a multitude of
ecosystems using green plants and their associated microbial
communities. The development and use of phytotechnologies continues
to move forward at a steady pace. Researchers recognize the
potential of phytoremediation to offer a green, cost effective,
eco-friendly and feasible application to address some of the
world's many environmental challenges. This book provides
significant information to add to the previous volumes published on
the topic and can serve as the foundation for the development of
new applications that feature the integration of modern research
discoveries into new methods to remediate contaminated ecosystems.
Moreover, this volume brings recent and established knowledge on
different aspects of phytoremediation and nano-phytoremediation,
providing this information in a single source that offers a
cutting-edge synthesis of scientific and experiential knowledge on
polluted environments that is useful for policy makers,
practitioners and scientists, and engineers. Phytoremediation:
Management of Environmental Contaminants, Volume 7 highlights the
various prospects that are involved in current global
phytoremediation research. This book delivers a content-rich source
to the reader and can act as a platform for further research
studies. It should meet the needs of all researchers working in, or
have an interest in this particular field.
This volume 'Agrochemicals in Soil and Environment: Impacts and
Remediation' is a comprehensive collection of important literature
on agrochemical contamination. The main focus of this book is to
point out undesirable changes in biological, physical and chemical
characteristics of agricultural soils and its impacts on global
agricultural crop productivity. Soil is one of the important
resources of basic needs for our sustenance but due to various
anthropogenic activities like urbanization and industrialization,
the soil is losing its basic quality characteristics. Soil
microorganisms, water holding capacity, minerals, salts and
nutrients are under the direct threat due to agrochemicals
therefore, agricultural sector is facing a serious challenge. Lack
of proper knowledge and luxurious applications of agrochemicals
resulting into degradation and deterioration of soil quality, loss
of soil and crop productivity and threatening the food security.
Therefore, it is imperative to develop indices, indicators and soil
parameters for the monitoring and impact assessment of agricultural
contaminants. Further, biotic and abiotic stresses and their
tolerance mechanisms in plants in relation to the soil contaminants
such as toxic pollutants, heavy metals, inorganic and organic
matters, variety of pesticides, insecticides, herbicides,
agricultural runoffs and solid wastes, and chemical fertilizers are
also highlighted in this volume. This book also discusses causes of
reduced agriculture productivity and suggests sustainable measures
such as plant-based technologies, bioremediation and
nanotechnology, that can be used to overcome the crop losses. The
book is interest to research students, teachers, agricultural
scientists, agronomists, environmentalists as well as policy
makers.
Scholarly Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Psychology -
Clinic and Health Psychology, Abnormal Psychology, grade: -,
Governament College University Faisalabad (GC University), course:
MS (Clinical Psychology), language: English, abstract: People
considering themselves able to control their outcomes are known as
internal or possessing internal Locus of Control. Externals or
individuals with external Locus of Control considered their
outcomes beyond of their control. Individual with internal Locus of
Control have high motivation for achievement and low outer
directedness. On the other side externals always keep trying to
search out explanations for their failures. We may also refer
internals as "self control" or "self determination." Internal
individuals can be psychologically unhealthy and instable if they
decline competence, efficacy and opportunity. They may become
neurotic, nervous or depress. It can be said that they require
suitable surroundings which influence them to experience success.
External individuals may be easy going, relaxed and lead a pleasant
life (Hans, 2000; Hattie, Marsh, Neill, & Richards, 1997).
According to Bjorkqvist et al. (1999), internal locus of control is
composed of dependent events mostly related to one's permanent
characteristics. Three types of locus of control had been
acknowledged. Foremost, internal locus of control reflects the
trust that one has personage control in surplus of the proceedings
to make possible happen. Succeeding, authoritative other locus of
control is the conviction that proceedings are not resolute by
one's own behavior, excluding by persons who are in positions of
power over the human being. Third, unidentified locus of control is
at what time a person does not acquainted with why actions take
place (Doumas & Halloran, 1999). Any individual enrolled in
graduation program and previously have passed an undergraduate
program is called a graduation student. Mostly these individuals
are enrolled in master de
Rapid industrialization in India, during the last few decades, in
the form of chemical, dairy, pharmaceutical, mining, distillery,
fertilizer, paper and pulp, petrochemical, textile, sugar,
machinery, vehicle, food processing, tannery factories in addition
to coal fired thermal power plants, has burdened the land and
resulted in deterioration of air, soil as well as water. Thus, the
utilization of treated wastewater as liquid fertilizer makes sense
because (i) it replaces and conserves mineral fertilizer (ii)
improves soil structure and (iii) an alternative disposal method
could be environmentally damaging. Whereas fly ash from coal based
thermal power plant stations is successfully utilized for the
growth of variety of vegetables, millets, cereals and trees when
amended with soil. In view of the known beneficial role of
wastewater and of fly ash in crop productivity and for helping the
disposal management of the two waste products and keeping the
importance of pulses in mind the present author proposed a
hypothesis that chickpea could be grown profitably using fly ash
and waste water. This book is meant for post graduate students and
the students pursuing higher studies.
Majority of the medicinal plants belong to angiospermic families of
which legume family (Fabaceae) is the third largest, with
approximately 650 genera and 20,000 species. A handsome number of
medicinal legumes are potential sources of glycosides (aloe-emodin,
chrysophenol, emodin, and rhein etc.), antibiotics, flavonoids,
alkaloids and phytochemicals, which are used in drug manufacturing
by the pharmaceutical industries. Among them, hyacinth bean, senna
sophera, coffee senna and cassia tora constitute the most important
source of therapeutic agents used in the modern as well as
traditional systems of medicine. For the cultivation of plants, the
role of mineral nutrition is of paramount importance. Generally
legumes require high amount of phosphorus and calcium for their
growth, nodule formation and N2-fixation. Hence, intensive research
efforts should be expanded for maximizing the yield of potentially
useful leguminous medicinal plants particularly through optimal
supply of the required fertilizers. This work provides valuable
information regarding mineral nutrition strategies for the
cultivation of medicinally important leguminous plants.
Historical uses of Catharanthus roseus in the treatment of
diabetes, fever, malaria, regulation of menstrual cycle, throat
infection and chest complaints have been reported. Only few plants
have the anticancer properties and periwinkle is one of them. The
physiologically important and antineoplastic alkaloids, vinblastine
and vincristine, are mainly present in leaves and antihypertensive
alkaloids are found in roots such as ajmalicine, serpentine and
reserpine. Vincristine and vinblastine have extensive use in modern
medicine as potential anticancer compounds. Above medicinal
properties are worth attracting the attention of plant scientists
to increase the secondary metabolites of this plant. The growth and
active constituents production of medicinal plants can be altered
by the application of several PGRs.The present study explore the
role of two well known PGRs namely gibberellic acid and
triacontanol to increase the productivity aanticancerous alkaloids
in Catharanthus roseus L.
Herbal medicines are in great demand in both developed and the
developing countries because even in many of the modern medicines,
the basic composition of drugs is derived from plants due to their
easy availability, least side effects, low prices, and long-lasting
curative properties. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) occupy prominent
positions both in ancient and modern systems of medicine. Though
India is a major producer of turmeric, the growing on supply demand
owing to its nutritive and therapeutic values is putting a heavy
strain in the market. To overcome this critical situation, its
enhanced production with value addition, if possible, is
extra-ordinarily desirable. Thus, it is necessary to improve the
techniques of cultivation and increase the per hectare yield of the
medicinal and spice crops through balanced nutrition. This work
provides valuable information regarding mineral nutrition
strategies for the cultivation of this important spice crop. The
application of mineral nutrients through roots improves the
productivity and quality attributes and production of curcumin
content in Curcuma longa L.
This contributed volume brings together an inclusive collection of
information about the medicinal crop fenugreek (Trigonella
foenum-graecum). Fenugreek is one of the medicinal plants important
in the management of diabetes and contributes greatly in the
alternative systems of medicine. These beneficial properties of
fenugreek are covered in here. Further, this book explores the
agronomy, biotechnology, genomics and biochemistry aspects of the
crop. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers,
agronomists and biochemists. Also, the book serves as additional
reading material for graduate students of agriculture and
pharmacology. National and international agricultural scientists,
policy makers will also find this to be a useful read.
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